HCM621-0804A-01 Ethics, Policy, and Law in Health Care Management - Essay - 4

HCM621-0804A-01 Ethics, Policy, and Law in Health Care Management - Phase 3 Discussion Board - Essay Example In case of Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical Society, 457 U.S. 332 (1982), the â€Å"Supreme Court held that these maximum fee schedules represented per se unlawful price-fixing agreements.† (Austen, 2008). The issues involved in limiting both patients’ choices for providers and vice versa would be in terms of a perceived compromise in quality and standards of health care provision since individualized client attention and monitoring would be lower in such cases. This is evident in Government run health care centers where a single provider is assigned to take charge of large group of patients. In such cases the following issues could arise: Apparently, in efforts to control the administration of (new) drugs, the Federal government may issue strictures on the kind of drugs physicians could prescribe and the kind of drug stores which could dispense these drugs. Control of these kinds may actually be detrimental to the interests of both patients and providers since â€Å"they impose one-size prescriptions in an area of science that is marked by variation." Further, it could be said that "...solutions to any of the health care problems that government is trying to mitigate will not rest in Washingtons constraining fixes but with [medical organizations] working with agencies to promote practice standards and safety measures that do not sacrifice medical autonomy and patient choice." (Kaiser, 2007). The Bill or Rights is an important step towards seeking social equality and fairness in medical treatment. Under this it is possible for patients to â€Å"sue for injury resulting from denial of care.† (Hashimoto, 2001). However, much as this bill may appear to professs equality and protect underprivileged class interests, it fails to acquire implementation value since the poorer sectors are not included since it does not cover the poorer sections of society who are covered under Medicaid. Thus it is setting its sights on citizens who seek private medical care. Therefore,

Aviva life insurance Essay Example for Free

Aviva life insurance Essay AVIVA life insurance entered in 2002 and deployed Talisma e-CRM suite. AVIVA got the success by recognizing the potential customers and bringing out products and services tailored to the customer requirements. Also e-CRM developed multistep marketing campaign and superior services across multiple channels. With this CRM project the company aims to achieve the organized data base system, superior service standards, quick access to customers, upgrading offers to customers, integrating the efforts of insurance agents and officials and ultimately to obtain customer satisfaction. The implementation of Talisma e-CRM has helped them to share real-time customer information across different customer-facing departments across locations. This has helped departments track customer details and respond to queries at short notice. Aviva has made its mark in the Indian insurance industry in just two years. It has no doubt been aided in this by the deployment of Talismas e-CRM suite that has helped it launch new products and services to differentiate itself from competitors. eCRM practice in GP to provide Customer service: Grameenphone leads the market with nearly 20 million subscribers. Mobile phone services are an important contributor to the cash-strapped nation’s economy. This company is trying to provide the quality customer service to its customers . GrameenPhone try to give the best customer services to retain the present customer and attract the potential customer To give the service as fast as possible eCRM is designed such a way that customer manager can provide the service in a fastest way. They use ORACLE Siebel customer relationship management. Each and every customer has their unique ID and password to logging in the software. Here they give a clear idea of how customers get service and how their problem is solved by using eCRM tools. After logging to the software the customer manager need to put the customer number and then he has to click on GO button than he can see all the basic information of the customer. Here name, address, connection name, whether this customer is prepaid or post paid everything will be present there. ECRM is the software which helps to keep all data of the customers. It is not record the customer data it helps to give the service appropriately. Ithelped GrameenPhone to give higher level of satisfaction in much way such as: It helps to retain customer by giving satisfactory service It also increase the customer loyalty cause customer are satisfied with the service Evaluation of Customer profitability by reducing the cost of the service. It also reduced cost It helps to acquire new customers It helps to grow profitable customer relationships It help to retain profitable customers It reduces customers’ call handling time GP can keep appropriate record of every call It also help to Grameen Phone to reduce customer dissatisfaction

The Transformation of Gilgamesh in the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

The Transformation of Gilgamesh in the Epic of Gilgamesh In many literary works we see significant transitions in the hero's character as the story is developed. This is also true in the Epic of Gilgamesh with its hero, Gilgamesh. In this narrative poem, we get glimpses of who Gilgamesh is and what his purposes and goals are. We see Gilgamesh act in many different ways -- as an overbearing ruler resented by his people, a courageous and strong fighter, a deflated, depressed man, and finally as a man who seems content with what he's accomplished. Through all of these transitions, we see Gilgamesh's attitude toward life change. The goals he has for his own life alter dramatically, and it is in these goals that we see Gilgamesh's transition from being a shallow, ruthless ruler to being an introspective, content man. The epic begins with the men of Uruk describing Gilgamesh as an overly aggressive ruler. "'Gilgamesh leaves no son to his father; day and night his outrageousness continues unrestrained; And he is the shepherd of Uruk, the enclosure; He is their shepherd, and yet he oppresses them. Strong, handsome, and wise. . . Gilgamesh leaves no virgin to her lover.'"(p.18, Line 23-27) The citizens respect him, but they resent his sexual and physical aggression, so they plead to the gods to alleviate some of their burden. The gods resolve to create an equal for Gilgamesh to tame him and keep him in line. This equal, Enkidu, has an immediate impact on Gilgamesh. When they first meet, both having never before met a man equal in stature, they brawl. "They grappled with each other, Snorting like bulls; They shattered the doorpost, that the wall shook."(p.32, lines 15-18)   In giving Gilgamesh a real battle, Enkidu instantly changes him; having this equal gives Gilgamesh a sense of respect for anoth er man. These two men fighting each other creates a serious mess, but they both end up without animosity toward the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next time we see them, their friendship is concrete. "They kissed one another, And formed a friendship."(p.33, line 19-20) Gilgamesh seems to be the leader at the start of their relationship, and right away, he plans an adventure for them. "In the forest dwells the terrible Huwawa. Let us, me and thee, kill him, And let us destroy all the evil in the land."(p. 34, line 96-98) Here, Gilgamesh reveals one reason that he wants to kill Huwawa - to destroy the evil in the land.

Differences between Genders Not Created by Social Conditioning

This paper intends to observe males in social settings, as well as, in the workplace. In addition to that, it will try to identify the differences between opposite genders in terms of those not created from social conditioning. Finally, it will also enumerate social conditions promoting gender inequality that adversely affects the society. Observations The following are some of the ones I noticed among the males in social settings and in the workplace:In the office, there was a man who didn’t care how excellent the result of his work will turn out to be, what he is focused on is accomplishing is (Marriage Missions International n. p. ). It doesn’t really matter to him if his colleagues will approve of his work just as long as it is done (Marriage Missions International n. p. ). Another man speaks of his desired promotion and salary increase which shows how important money and power are to him (Marriage Missions International n. p. ).Finally, there was a man at the party who did not seem to care how badly ironed his clothes were (Marriage Missions International n. p. ). His hair was even too messy to look at (Marriage Missions International n. p. ). It is clearly evident that he cares less about his appearance (Marriage Missions International n. p. ). Differences Based on the observations carried out, the differences among genders which are not brought about by social conditioning are the following: First of all is preference.The â€Å"outward show† of an individual is not taught by somebody he or she is with. This depends on what the person wants or desires. Another is known as innate ability/attitude. A man was not trained or taught to want money or fame, this is instilled in him. It’s an attitude he already has. The same is true with his performance; a man may be innately lazy and not motivated to work excellently. Social Conditions The social conditions that may promote gender inequality are the following: The first is gender role s.This may create adverse effects on the society because gender roles are behaviors which a particular culture or group of people expects from people (Net Industries, LLC n. p. ). Therefore, if a certain person acts contrary to whatever expectations their group may have then it creates chaos and bias from these people (Net Industries, LLC n. p. ). For example, in certain cultures only the men/husband are expected to work and earn for the entire family and so if there is anybody female/wife is the one earning/working, this somehow creates bias from the culture/society they belong to (Net Industries, LLC n.p. ).The problem with this is that the women may tend to be abused and may be looked down upon because of their expected role (Net Industries, LLC n. p. ). Another is based on â€Å"materialist theories† which means that genders are linked to the economic output of both genders (Eitzen et. al. 251). Here, women are constantly discriminated upon because in the past women are p aid much less than men (Eitzen et. al. 251). The society is affected believing that up to now this is still the case (Eitzen et. al. 251).

Racism in South Africa

It is easy for people to shut their eyes to things they do not witness, like bigotry, racism, and the cruelty of South Africa. According to Blob Kiwanis â€Å"It has been nearly a decade and a half after the end of apartheid† and South Africans are finally realizing there Is a problem with racism (Swank, 2008). This realization occurred after white students from the university of the Free State, made a racist video. This video showed the students degrading and humiliating four black workers. The racism portrayed by these students was said to be deep-seated.These students even went so far as to allegedly, urinate in the four lack workers food (Kiwanis, 2008). In 1994 a man was fed up with his black worker, so the black man was fed to the lions (Kiwanis, 2008). This type of cruelty is not as common as it once was, but any act such as this should not be allowed to take place in the free world. Imagine living every day in fear, never knowing what the day is going to be like. What about tomorrow? This behavior is something most people never have to experience in their lifetime, but what about those that get to witness these events first hand?The violence and hatred that has caused a country to live In ear, was said to be a symptom of globalization, by a country that calls Itself a â€Å"Rainbow Nation†, yet was not supposedly about racism at all (Perry, 2008). 3 It became apparent in 2008, when 42 black people were killed. These people were raped, neaten, eroded, Ana Turned alive. I Nils type AT loathing NAS lave a country (Perry, 2008). These types of incidents have diminished over time, but are still evident in the culture. The cultures in South Africa are many and most are still high in the masculine beliefs. Ethnicity is the differences in culture and is diverse in SouthAfrica. The many different tribes and people have similar yet different beliefs. Race refers to the social construction on the difference of skin color, or nationalities (South Afri ca and its Culture, 2011). Polygamy is still carried out and a dowry is still permitted in most of South Africans cultures. Cattle are a sign of wealth and also used as a symbol for sacrifice. The Zulu is one of the strongest surviving black culture in South Africa (South Africa and its Culture, 2011). Xhosa are also a strong presence in the South African culture, and are referred to as the red people.The red people are called this because the red dye they use on their clothing, worn by most adults. The Indelible are related to the Red people, but live in the North-western corner of what now is called Mulligan, in vibrant painted homes (South Africa and its Culture, 2011). Then there are the Dutch settlers along with the British, these people are known as Afrikaners, and are the majority of the South African population (South Africa and its Culture, 2011). Surprisingly there is a large Jewish population that resides in South Africa; no doubt the survivors of Hitler and his brutal re in.Brutality is not the only problem that has affected the people of South Africa. Because of this racism the poverty level has remained a problem. If a company only hires white people to work, how are people of color ever going to rise above poverty? The Jobs available to black people in South Africa are almost non-existent. If there are no Jobs then there is no money to be made. No money means no food, no shelter, and no means to support a family. This is another instance of the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 4 Are people so blind and callused, as to not care how the actions and the words thrown out will affect others?What about the future of innocent souls to come? Why is one color any better than another? Who gets to decide these types of things? If a person were to close their eyes and solely Judge another based on their personality, or the way they are treated by a person, our world would be a different place to live. Discrimination has kept the people of South Afric a in poverty for way to long, it is time to break the chains of bigotry and learn to live together in a peaceful place. A place where color does not mean you are rejected for a Job, or for housing. A place where everyone is color blind seems ideal, does it not?Education is a factor for the people of South Africa. People are more concerned with finding a Job; instead they are worrying about whether or not they can attend school. And the sad part about that is that in order to get a good Job or even a Job, education would be beneficial. This is one of the excuses for not hiring people with black skin, they are not as educated. This is one way companies get around race (Reuters, 2001). The companies use this as their reason for hiring the white person applying for the Job and not the black person. It is a vicious circle for the people of South Africa.

Botticelli vs. Michelangelo essays

Botticelli vs. Michelangelo essays The Early Renaissance or the Florentine Renaissance all started when the Italian artists and intellectual minds felt an urge to return to their Classical roots. Having felt that they had broken radically with the past they began to speak of a rebirth of civilization. They rejected the more recent, medieval past, which constituted the Gothic era. Works by classical authors, lost to the West for centuries, were rediscovered, and with them, a new humanistic outlook that placed man and human achievement at the center of all things. In this time period Florentine artists, flourished largely because of the patronage of wealthy citizens and the church. Sandro Botticelli, the principal painter of the Medici family, created a prime example of Florentine Renaissance style artwork, which he titled The Birth of Venus. The Renaissance style is depicted in his classical subject matter, figures from antiquity, such as the goddess Venus and the three Graces. It is also in the effect of motion that he achieves, where he carefully places his figures in nearly balanced groupings, yet never loses a feeling of that motion and lightness. The Birth of Venus seems to be a combination of mythological and Christian ideas. On the surface, the painting represents not a Christian legend, but a classical myth: Venus, the goddess of love (the nude woman at the center of the work), has been born from the sea, and is being delicately blown to shore by Zephyrus, god of the winds, as another woman, perhaps a goddess, waits on shore to cover Venus with a cloak. Venus's modesty (despite that fact that she is indeed nude) and her pose refer to standard portrayals of the Virgin Mary. Zephyrus is recognizable as an angel, while the figure on the right refers to another standard religious subject, the baptism of Christ: specifically the way St. John the Baptist is usually pictured. The Birth of Venus represented the Florentine Renaissance style in that it took...

Law Theories Karl Llewellyn Essays

Law Theories Karl Llewellyn Essays Law Theories Karl Llewellyn Essay Law Theories Karl Llewellyn Essay Under this presumption, Jerome Frank highlighted the psychological aspect of Judicial decision making when pointing out that in alliance with human nature, a Judges decision may be Influenced by such monotonous occurrences as what they ate for breakfast. Karl Lineally agreed that a Judge is able to perpetrate his own personal biases on the outcome off case. Lineally ascertained, when referring to Judge Judge Judge, or arbiter of Justice, is a lead official who presides over a court of law, either alone or as part of a panel of Judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of Judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is like an umpire in a game and S that, [w]hat these officials do about disputes is, to my mind, the law itself[2]. In this assessment, Leniencys realist views can be likened to that of Jerome Frank who challenged the notion of legal decisions as always being certain. Lineally agreed that law is not always a precise science, but did not agree that Judicial decisions are always uncertain[3]. There Is no single right and accurate way of reading one case, or of reading a bunch f cases[4]. In support of the aforementioned statement, as an example, Lineally offers two plausible structural arrangements in the handing down of a Judgment. In the first arrangement, consideration must be made, in that, the case can only maintain authority for that which Is required of the opinion to reach the Judgment. Anything else can be distinguished or unnecessary. In the second arrangement, the court maintains authority of the rule which forms the basis of judgment. In distinguishable cases, however, it may still be applied indirectly by using statements such as We here said Or That case necessarily decided Along with the rest of the Judgment which does not encompass the rule[5]. Karl Leniencys theories on legal realism first outlined in The Bramble Bush, highlighted the importance of determining whether the legal pollens of Judges are Influenced by factors outside that of the law[6]. For ten long anal, Tort ten large-scale reshaping Ana growth AT Cottrell Ana our legal , . He almost unnoticed changes [are] more significant than the institutions historic key cases[7]. It was in Leniencys belief that a lawyer should have the ability wrought training, to be able to put forward a persuasive argument by utilizing the facts of a case rather than placing the emphases on the applicable law. In Leniencys opinion, law is gradually returning to the court tradition of the 18th century as being Precedent guided and principle controlled. This concept is o pposed to that of Owen Dioxins belief which leans towards a more ordered approach[8]. There are no fixed rules of how a principle must be applied in regards to the law. In considering this, it is possible in the same case for a number of Judges to all apply the same Renville and reach a completely different conclusion. Lineally interprets this as not an evasion or departure from the true construction of the principle, but a sound use, application, continuation and development of precedent. In Leniencys opinion, the freedom in the application of law in the courts is not to be construed as twisting precedent, as this concept carries the assumption that there is only one single meaning[9]. He main thing is what officials are going to do. And so to my mind to the main thing is seeing what officials do, do about disputes, or about anything else; and eying that there is a certain regularity in their doing a regularity which makes possible prediction of what they and other officials are about to do tomorrow. In many cases that prediction cannot be wholly certain. Then you ha ve room for something else, another main thing for the lawyer: a study of how to make the official do what you would like to have him. At that point rules do loom into importance. Great importance. For Judges think they must follow the rules, and people highly approve of that thinking[l In considering the aforementioned and the influence it has on Judicial decisions, the approach does not become limited in its authority, but instead, creates a responsibility which rests upon those in other areas of the legal profession such as lawyers. Lawyers no longer act as a foundational support, but act in the interpretation of that authority[11]. The courts manage new decisions with discretion, taking into account the sense of the situation as seen by the court[12]. It is in Leniencys Judgment that the courts are operating for the improvement of the way in which the law is being applied[13]. Leniencys theory takes this into inconsideration while also acknowledging the courts role within a changing community. Lineally came to the conclusion that the variety of ways in which a principle can be applied to a case does not affect the authority of Judicial decisions. It can, h owever, encourage the construction on the facts which point to the method of application more dominantly appropriate in the case. Karl Lineally explains in his book The Common Law Tradition,[14] the context for seeing and discussing the question to be decided is to be set by and in a body of legal doctrine, including its rules as well as TTS concepts, ideals, tendencies and pervading principles. The ideas Lineally put forward were undoubtedly important and innovative, however, they have obtained a degree AT criticism. It NAS Eden argued Tanat Leniencys Ideas Tort ten most part are impractical due to the difficulty in the implementation. The system of Jurisprudence in which Lineally has put forward could possibly require a lawyer in arguing a case adequately, to go to ridiculous lengths. This conclusion has been reached in considering the effort involved in taking into account all of the possible factors affecting the outcome of a case. This is the reason Leniencys realist theories never became the precedent for viewing the law. The law has continued to be viewed as a set of rules which are consequently applied to each separate case[1 5]. It has been conveyed that the process involved in the application of case law, and the consequential possible techniques on hand to carry out such an endeavourer, are infinite. In the process of Judicial decision making, the procedure does not always work in accordance with its desired function. Notably, in consideration of this fact, there are those who can offer an understanding of whether Lineally is in fact erect in asserting that there is no single right and correct way of reading one case, or of reading a bunch of cases[16] and that a courts decision might turn on what the judge had for breakfast[17]. There are those who, in accordance with his suggestion, can add light to the argument. In each of these methodologies, comes a new implication for the role of the Judiciary and also for its scope of authority. Sir Owen Dioxins approach in comparison to Leniencys can be seen as less philosophical and more mechanical and legalistic. The basis of Owen Dioxins viewpoint resides in the assumption that the court acts to facilitate the existence of a definite system of accepted knowledge or thought and that Judgments and other legal writings are evidence of its content[18]. Unlike Leniencys creative or constructionist role, Dixon suggested that: The court and the legal system stand as a necessary foundation of any community. Indeed it may be said that the courts and the system of law are both the foundation and the steel framework, but neither a foundation nor a steel framework is ever able to do more than support a structure with stability and at rest[19]. It was in Dioxins belief that Justice is administered in accordance with the law and not because Justice constructs the law. In Dioxins view, the role of lawyers is to act as a foundation which exists in order to keep the framework steady. It can be inferred from the aforementioned that the court, and consequently the cases which pass through the courts, are already subject to pre-existing laws. There are inherent legal principles that apply to each case and the courts duty is to merely act to uphold these principles[20]. Gerard Brenna sees the situation in a different light and sways away from the revives standpoint of Owen Dioxins strict and complete legalism to acknowledge the changing circumstances which the law faces. Brenna believes that in circumstances where the elicit underlying principles of law are not enough to determine a judgment, the courts need to articulate the principles of the community which give TTY to ten law In quest. In Toweling Graders tannery, ten law, wanly NAS shaped by English Judges and later Australian, only changes in response to a changing community[21]. Eden Under Graders view, the acknowledgement of the inherent principles and their enhancing authority supports the discretion of the Judiciary when faced with new situations. This approach can be seen as an alternative to the idea of strict legalism and also the creative approach as taken by Lineally. Although Karl Lineally has been criticized for his stance on the matter, he has shown that he would agree with the statement that, Judges decide cases however they personally wish to, or however they feel at the time. Lineally has shown skepticism towards the rules by which the courts decided cases[22], and in turn the processes by which Judges are able to make their Judgments.