Factors considered while choosing the right staff

Music industry as a cultural industry

Music industry as a cultural industry Introduction The music industry normally deals with production and selling of pieces of music. It encompasses artistes, the firms and experts who produce and sell the recorded music. There are also concert promoters and agents, entertainment legal representatives, musical device producers, among others.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Music industry as a cultural industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The term cultural industry refers to a range of establishments that generate, deal out and trade in merchandise that downrightly fall under imaginative arts. Examples of such merchandise include music, films and publications, among others. A cultural industry is normally a broad grouping of a given form of production. For instance, a music store selling records and albums provides work for salespeople, administrators and customers. The trade of these products relies on other cultural industry dealings. Musicians hav e to carry out their recordings, distributors need to vend the music and recording studios have to do their part. Firms tasked with production of all needed equipment like tapes and compact discs, among others are also counted in this industry. Music industry as a cultural industry Cultural creations are usually holders of distinctiveness, standards and significance and aspects of economic and societal improvement. The preservation and back up of cultural multiplicity directs to the promotion of the development of cultural industries that have the capability to cause an impact on a local and international scale. Cultural entities, as mentioned earlier, create and deal out cultural commodities or services which at any instance are deemed as a definite quality, exemplify and put across cultural expressions, just like music and its other related compositions. The music industry is already one of the most vibrant fields of the global economy and trade and is bound to grow even more with time, providing new business sides especially to the developing economies of the world. Any form of music that is produced in any given setting normally mirrors that society’s way of life and practices, which is basically their culture and ways of life. This music also serves to form that society by way of the practices of homogeneity and commoditization, coming up with commodities rather than subjects.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cultural industry’s aim is to meet the populace’s entertainment requirements just like the music industry. Normalized creations were initially obtained from the requirements of the end users and this is the reason as to why they usually encounter little or no resistance at all. In the real sense, a sequence of operation and retroactive requirement is fusing the music industry ever more firmly. Through the normali zing of these requirements, the industry is influencing its products’ consumers to yearn for them even more. The end result is that mass production supplies a mass marketplace that diminishes the distinctiveness and likes of the particular end users who are as exchangeable as the commodities and services they require. The underlying principle of the premise is to enhance the liberation of the targeted end user from the oppression of the producers through the induction of the consumer to query given ideas, much in the same way as normal culture or the cultural industry. This form of clarification is intended to bring out pluralism. Anything that is made up by an individual is a manifestation of their efforts and an implication of their objectives. There is also a utilization value, which is normally obtained from the use. This is the case for both musical products and the general human cultures and ways of life. The trade worth for music usually is a reflection of its use and the state of the marketplace in question. The cultural industry blends the ancient and the recognizable in today’s world to come up with fresh and innovative creations. The same is the case with the music industry. In almost all the sectors involved, commodities that are meant for the use by masses and which themselves are responsible for their acceptance are normally produced to a large extent in accordance to a plan. The sectors by themselves have similarities in their framework and mostly bond into each other, resulting in an almost complete set up. This is as a result of modern-day technological abilities and cost-effective and organizational absorption. The cultural industry deliberately assimilates its subjects from the top. It compels the specialties of high and low abilities that are set apart for thousands if not millions of years, the same way as the music industry. The importance of high art is devastated by assumption concerning its effectiveness, the importance o f the lower passes away with the progressive limits inflicted on the defiant confrontation intrinsic within it as much as societal control is not present in entirety.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Music industry as a cultural industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The masses are normally a thing of maneuver, an accessory of the whole process for both the cultural and music industries. The targeted end user is not actually the king; he or she is actually the object. This is despite the fact that the culture industry indisputably hypothesizes on the cognizant and incognizant state of the millions in the direction of which it is sent. Music normally spreads through the mass media like radios and television sets. The term mass-media that was in particular set up for the cultural industry and serves to imply an undamaging ground or venture. The cultural industry uses wrongly its concern for the populace in a bid to replicate, buttress and build up their frame of mind, which it believes is certain and unalterable. The way through which frame of mind might be transformed is left out all through. Just like in music, the targeted populace is not the gauge but the operation principles of the culture industry, nevertheless, both these industries can barely be in place minus being accustomed to the targeted masses. The cultural goods and services of both the music and cultural industries are ruled by the standard of their recognition as worth, and not by their being in possession of explicit substance and harmonious set up. The whole application of the cultural industry with the gain motivation is the same for the music industry. From the time when these industries first started to eke a living for their originators, there has never been looking back. In those times, gains were sought indirectly unlike later times and presently when the profit drive is not hidden in any way. The independence of work of art like music was then corrupted by a combination of aspects and was normalized by the culture industry, the deliberate input of those in control notwithstanding. This was actually in a bid to land fresh opportunities for earning foreign exchange for various nations, but the major focus was in the first world nations at the time. The opportunities that these people had gotten accustomed to turned out to be more and more unstable as a consequence of the same application procedure which by it meant the culture industry was to continue with its all-pervading principle.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Just like music, culture in the real sense did not just contain itself to people but it at all times concurrently made an objection in opposition to the frightened associations under which they operated, and thus lived by them. Cultural bodies characteristic of this industry are not commodities any more, they are goods and services entirely. This budge definitely calls for completely new experiences. In the end, the cultural industry does not need to straightly be after the gains from which it arose. All the mentioned curiosities have ended up being externalized in their ideologies and have made themselves free of the persuasion to sell the cultural commodities which must be consumed up in the end anyway, for both these industries. These industries turn into public relations in utter disregard for specific entities or saleable commodities. Brought to the fore in this is a broad serious compromise, adverts made up for humanity, such that in the end each commodity of the industries tu rns into its own classified commercial. Nonetheless, all those qualities which initially stamped the alteration of literature into a product are upheld in this course. Both the music and cultural industries have their metaphysics, a set up of firmly conventional fundamental categories which can be brought together. What stands up as progress in both these industries as the relentlessly new which it provides is usually the disguise for an everlasting similarity; universally the alterations conceal a frame which has varied just a bit as the profit push factor itself from the initial instances. This means that the term industry is not to be taken for its literal meaning. It best refers to the normalization of the thing itself and not entirely to the production process. The aforementioned case prevails even in music, which is a core segment of the culture of any community or society, and the production course is similar to the technical forms of action in the broad division of labor and use of all machinery and other equipment involved. Just like the cultural industry, the music industry is majorly in place for the service of third persons, upholding its attraction to the diminishing distribution progression of funds, to the business from which it came into existence. Its main principle is about the use of the star method whose main operation principle is that the more inhuman its ways of maneuver and substance then the more meticulously and effectively the industry develops apparently great individuals and operates like a well-oiled machine. The cultural industry is industrial more in a sociological aspect in the integration of industrial forms of association even though nothing is physically produced. The idea of technique in the cultural industry is similar with technique in music production. The idea behind all these is mainly the internal organization of the object or commodity itself. Both these industries locate ideological back up accurately in so far as t hey effectively protect themselves from the full impending of the techniques embodied in their outcomes. They operate in a parasitic manner, from the practice of the substance production of commodities, with no regard for the requirement to the inner inventive whole entailed by its practicality. Both the music industry and cultural industry share the idea of aura, the being there of that which actually is absent. The culture industry does not counter poise another standard to that of aura, but somewhat by the reality that it preserves the festering aura. The same is the case with the music industry and by these means they bring to the fore their own ideological misuses. Conclusion It has in recent times become normal among cultural and musical top of the ladder persons as well as sociologists to caution against downplaying their specific industries at the same time emphasizing the great significance of these fields to humanity. As matter of fact, these industries are vital and whoev er ignores them would be really naà ¯ve. However, there is a misleading gleam concerning the caution to take them seriously. Due to the fact that these industries are majorly social, inquisitive queries about quality, about truths or falsehoods and about the aesthetics of the products from these fields, are usually suppressed. People raising these queries are pointed the finger at of seeking refuge in egotistical mystery. It would be wiser to initially point to the twofold implication of significance that slowly finds it way in without being seen. As much as it touches the lives of many individuals the purpose of something is not an assurance of its particular quality. The bringing together of aesthetics with enduring communicative elements should lead art work like music and general culture to the right place in disagreement with artistic snobbery. The significance of the music and cultural industries in the divine formation of the masses should be no exemption for suggestion on t heir legitimating, their crucial being and least of all by a discipline which perceives it to be practical.

Choose a topic that you can argue about with passion Essay

Choose a topic that you can argue about with passion - Essay Example Facial expressions play a very important role in communication. If a person feels that the other person is not feeling good to hear certain things from him by reading the other person’s facial expressions, the first person feels like changing his point in an attempt to please the second person whereas in the communication through computers, the first person is able to convey his true thoughts as there are no disturbing facial expressions to be noticed along the way. The person is able to speak his mind out because the feeling that he is actually talking to a human being is a bit suppressed as compared to the face-to-face communication. Overall, use of computers for communication enhances an individual’s tendency to speak to others. It is a psychological phenomenon in which the person discovers his hidden oratory power and interpersonal skills with the passage of time while practicing in front of the screen. Friends made online in the virtual world are often life-long friends in the real

Credit Risk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Credit Risk - Research Paper Example The following part of this paper will make one aware of the concept of credit risk in detail. Credit risk-background The last few decades witnessed the collapse of some major banks as a result of borrowers’ credit repayment failure. Hence, many of the world’s largest banks and other financial institutions have developed comprehensive systems in order to deal with credit risk arising from different aspects of their businesses. The main objectives of such systems involve the identification, quantification, aggregation, and management of credit risk exposures. In modern days, those systems constitute a major part of risk management and performance measurement. Circumstances of credit risk Credit risk issues mainly include lost principal and interest, diminishing cash flow, and rise in collection costs. The credit risk arises in a number of situations and some of them are described below. A business or consumer fails to pay the amount due on a mortgage loan, credit card, or other loan. A business or consumer makes no payment due on a trade invoice. A business fails to pay a worker’s earned wages when due. A government bond issuer does not pay the amount due on a coupon or principal payment. An insolvent insurance company does not make a payment due on a policy obligation. A government sanctions bankruptcy permission to an insolvent business. Types of credit risk The credit risk is mainly of three types including default risk, credit spread risk, and downgrade risk. Default risk: When companies or individuals are unable to make payment due on their debt obligations, it is called default risk. Lenders and investors are vulnerable to default risk in all forms of credit extensions. In order to mitigate the issues associated with the default risk, lenders often charge return rates that equals the debtor’s level of default risk. Credit spread risk: According to Fabozzi, when an issuer’s obligation performs inefficiently relative to othe r bonds as a result of an increase in the credit spread, it is called credit spread risk (638). When the credit spread increases, it leads to a proportional decline in the market price of the bond issue. Downgrade risk: as Fabozzi points out, an unexpected downgrading of an issue results in an increase in the credit spread and it subsequently leads to a decline in the price of the issue (638). Such a risk is known as downgrade risk; it is very closely related to credit spread risk. Assessment of credit risk Nowadays, a variety of improved sources and sophisticated programs are applied to evaluate and manage credit risk. Some companies have established separate credit risk departments to examine the financial potency of their customers and sanction (or not) credit accordingly. Such departments conduct in house programs to effectively deal with the avoidance, reduction, and transfer of credit risk. Standard & Poor’s, Fitch Ratings, and Dun and Bradstreet are some of the example s of organizations providing credit risk management services for a fixed fee. Majority lenders use their own models to determine and class existing as well as potential customers on the basis of risk and thereby to apply most suitable strategies. In case of products like unsecured personal loans and mortgages, lenders usually charge relatively higher price for higher risk clients in order to secure the transaction to some extent. In

Research and Professional Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Research and Professional Skills - Assignment Example Developing critical thinking has made me examine the validity and truth of arguments by assessing the relative significance rather than accepting ideas at face value. In addition, I learned that in order to develop the strong critical mind, it is important to be persistent, as this would enable me to get answers to questions I have asked. In my view, I have learned that research and professional skill is a good subject in that it has enabled me to think carefully and strategically about my objectives and areas which I need to improve. I am now in a position to make plans in that I can choose how to attain my desired career outcome. This is possible because I have set attainable and manageable objectives and I am ready to revise the plans if things do not go as planned. In addition, research and professional skills have helped me improve my writing skill. Throughout the course, I have experienced numerous challenges. For instance, I have been asthmatic because of the bad weather and workload stress that has made me suffer. Because of my sickness, I have been absent for almost four weeks which implies that I have missed classes for a duration of four weeks. Therefore, in order to compensate for the time I have been absent, I need more time and effort in order to catch up with the syllabus. Lecturers understand my situation, give me strong support, and help me to attain what I have missed. For instance, they give me relevant notes that I need to revise, encourage me not to give up and explain concepts that I do not understand. More so, I borrow notes from my classmates and conduct further research in areas that require more reading. I am specialized in management accounting since I performed well in this area at the beginning but I encounter some challenges in decision-making section despite the fact it is the subject I am interested in. The main challenge is that I record poor results in finance  reporting assignment because of poor understanding and sickness. I cannot understand this subject well because of weak interpretation and due to the fact that I did not comprehend the main criteria that the assignment requires.

Manoeuvre Warfare Applicability In Mountains And Developed Terrain Philosophy Essay

Manoeuvre Warfare Applicability In Mountains And Developed Terrain Philosophy Essay 1. Nothing has decided the fate of nations and people as war has- cultures and civilisations have vanished, the people absorbed by the victorious armies. War fare is thus the ultimate survival of the fittest environment, and the evolution of war fare within the environment has occurred through an almost unconscious, Darwinian, process of natural selection It is therefore imperative that a nations armed forces match this evolution process. In order to achieve this they must embrace the latest technology and constantly endeavour to redefine and upgrade their strategy, doctrines and war fighting philosophy. 2. 2100 years of recorded history of warfare has led to the emergence of two distinct styles of warfare Attrition warfare and Manoeuvre warfare. The simplest comparison between the two is that the former is akin to arm wrestling where the basic reliance is on strength or force on force with limited application on targeting the mind through speed and agility, while the latter is akin to Judo or Taekwondo where the main thrust is on speed and agility to target the opponents mind and limited emphasis is on strength per se. In fact, the strength of the opponent is rendered ineffective and is utilized to defeat him. 3. Indian army executed the most brilliant campaign based on manoeuvre warfare the Bangladesh War 1971 wherein Bangladesh was liberated at a relatively low cost and the Pakistan Army largely intact was defeated and 93.000 prisoners were captured. By manoeuvre in time and space, the enemy mind was paralysed into inaction. The Bangladesh campaign is taught in foreign countries as the most complete campaign based on manoeuvre warfare. Yet it is an irony that our Army is just loosely following manoeuvre, in both theory as well as practice, for decades now. 4. Military theorists state that it normally takes a 50 years cycle in respect of changes in military equipment, force structure and doctrine to stabilise. It is no wonder that the winds of change are sweeping across military thought and several of worlds major armed forces are in a greater or lesser flux. On one hand, technological changes are influencing the warfare, on the other hand, military thought is looking towards better method of war fighting with the aim of switching from attrition warfare to manoeuvre warfare. 5. There is therefore a need to understand, institutionalize and apply the war fighting philosophy of manoeuvre warfare in the present times as it does not permit us a long battle. The study focuses on the vital essentials of manoeuvre warfare and analysis how this approach can be satisfactorily applied in mountains and developed terrain in the Indian context. Definition of Manoeuvre Warfare 6. Manoeuvre is one of the two basic components of combat. The other is fire power. It is some times taken to be simply another word fir the move of forces. More often, it is used to mean relational move, i.e. move relative to an opponents position. Manoeuvre is defined in the Glossary of Military Terms as, move of forces in the field in order to place the fire power of the fighting elements in a favourable position. Combined with surprise, deception and speed, manoeuvre may be used on occasion to offset enemy superiority in the power and increase the offensive of own force. 7. The US Armys Field Manual defines manoeuvre as move of forces in relation to the enemy to secure or retain positional advantage. In this essence, Manoeuvre means an attack on either or both of the enemys flanks. Move into his rear to disrupt his support elements, or encirclement. The essence of manoeuvre in the classic usage of the team is not move per se but the achievement of positional advantage. Because of basic human psychology, a force that is hit where it is weak, where it does not except to be hit, or in such a manner as to have it cut off from its supplies. Reinforcement or line of retreat tends to panic and disintegrate. The principal effect or manoeuvre is the more mental the physical and therefore more powerful than simple physical attrition. In manoeuvre warfare, the objective is the enemys collapse as a cohesive, functioning force, not his incremental destruction through the application of firepower. 8. Manoeuvre Warfare depends upon out manoeuvring the enemy, both in the spatial and the temporal sphere, through a faster tempo The leverage achieved by placing ones own mass in a position of advantage through spatial manoeuvre at a faster tempo than the enemy brings about the dislocation and psychological disruption to paralyze the enemy commanders mind, leading to his defeat. 9. Manoeuvre is a frame of mind and a style that has application at the tactical, operational and strategic level. Mobility is the means to execute a manoeuvre. Only when mobility is applied with the aim of inflicting paralysis on the enemy commands, does it get translated into manoeuvre. Thus, manoeuvre is not a way of movement but a way of thinking. 10. Inherent in the Manoeuvre Warfare is the need for violence, not so much as a source of physical attrition but as a source of physical dislocation. Towards this end, we concentrate strength against critical enemy vulnerabilities, striking quickly and boldly where, when and how it will cause the greatest damage to the enemys ability to fight. Once gained or found, any advantage must be pressed relentlessly and unhesitatingly. 11. Surprise remains an integral weapon in the arsenal of Manoeuvre Warfare. By studying ones enemy we should attempt to appreciate his perceptions. Through deception we should try to shape his expectations. Then we will dislocate them by striking at an unexpected time and place. In order to appear unpredictable, we must avoid set rules and patters which inhibit imagination and initiative. In order to appear ambiguous and threatening, we should operate on axes that offer several courses of action, keeping the enemy unclear as to which we will choose. Manoeuvre and Manoeuvre Warfare 12. It is an accident of language that the word Manoeuvre and Manoeuvre Warfare have been confused and taken to be synonyms. Manoeuvre can be defined as the organised movement of forces during combat in combination with fire or fire potential to achieve a position of advantage relative to the enemy in order to deliver a decisive strike. Elsewhere, the term is also used as synonym for movement as in fire and manoeuvre, in small unit tactics. Since everyone is generally clear about manoeuvre, Manoeuvre Warfare is generally perceived as warfare employing manoeuvre. Consequently the retort, it is just a fancy new name for what we have always done. 13. The fact of the matter is that in Manoeuvre Warfare, manoeuvre means much more. It is not only a question of movement in space to gain positional advantage, but also to gain temporal advantage, through generation of a faster operational tempo. One aspect that stands out clearly on all victorious campaigns based on Manoeuvre Warfare is that one of the proponents, by his actions, brought about a sudden change or a series of changes on the battlefield to which the adversary could not adjust in a timely manner. As a result he was defeated and that too at a small cost to the victor. METHODOLOGY Statement of the Problem 14. The aim of the study is to examine the significance of manoeuvre warfare and to analyse its application in mountains and developed terrain in the Indian context. Hypothesis 15. Manoeuvre warfare is a war fighting philosophy that seeks to shatter the enemys physical and psychological cohesion through a series of rapid and unexpected actions and can be successfully applied in any terrain or scenario from the tactical to the strategic level provided the basic tenets are adhered to. Thus, the concept can be equally and efficiently applied in mountain and developed terrain in the Indian context. Justification of the study 16. The Indian Army Doctrine Section 20: Para 7.14 directs our focus on the intellectual understanding, institutionalisation and implementation of manoeuvre warfare and Directive command. The challenge before the Indian Army is to apply this sub doctrine of war fighting and command. Although this war fighting philosophy was successfully applied by Indian Army in the 1971 war, but no significant gains were made in the western sector. Therefore it is imperative that we give a more detailed look at what can be done to achieve a vital breakthrough and a decisive victory, especially in mountain and developed terrain. 17. Even though manoeuvre warfare is today a much talked about subject in our army, its application and convention to a doctrine or war fighting philosophy in mountains and developed terrain is a long way off. The possible reasons for this are many, which include cynicism that manoeuvre warfare is nothing new, a traditionally attritionist approach, resistance to change, over emphasis on no loss of territory and so on. There is a need for us to analyse how this approach can be satisfactorily applied in the Indian Armys context especially in mountains and developed terrain. 18. In the light of the arguments given above the subject Manoeuvre Warfare and its Applicability in mountains and developed terrain has been chosen for the study. Scope of the Study 19. The research shall seek to study the essentials of manoeuvre warfare and its characteristics and to make it more meaningful the study will narrow down its focus on application of manoeuvre warfare in the developed terrain in Indian context. It will concentrate on the aspects needing attention in our thought process and the organisational and institutional changes necessary to facilitate this approach. The basic premise of the research is that manoeuvre warfare is a war fighting philosophy and can be successfully applied in any terrain or scenario from the tactical to strategic level provided the basic tenets are adhered to. Operational Definitions Methods oF Data Collection Organisation of the Dissertation 20. The dissertation has been divided in following chapters:- (a) Chapter I . Introduction. (b) Chapter II. Essential Elements of Manoeuvre Warfare and Analysis of 1971 Bangladesh Campaign.. (c) Chapter III. Emerging Principles for Application of Manoeuveristic Approach in Developed Terrain. (d) Chapter IV. Characteristics, Challenges and Analysis of Own Concept of Operations in Developed Terrain. (f) Chapter V. Recommendations and Suggested Changes for Application of Manoeuvre Warfare in Developed Terrain. Directive Style of Command. Leadership Doctrine. Changes in Tactics and Equipment. Education and Training. Restructuring Strike Corps. Domination of Electromagnetic Spectrum. (g) Chapter VI. Conclusion.

To what extent do you regard The Shield Of Achilles as characteristic E

To what extent do you regard The Shield Of Achilles as characteristic of Auden’s work as whole? At first glance Auden’s poem the ‘Shield of Achilles’ appears to be focused on the classical world. The poem’s classical nature is first indicated by the title- Achilles was of course a famous Greek hero, and throughout the poem there are further classical references, many of which Auden has taken from Book XVIII of Homer’s Iliad- ‘Marble well-governed cities’ (l.3), ‘†¦athletes at their games’ (l.46), ‘Hephaestos, hobbled away’ (l.61). However, the poem also combines these classical details with the modern world- ‘Proved by statistics’ (l.17), ‘Barbed wire enclosed an arbitrary spot’ (l.31). Although there is this unusual combination of classical and modern, the poem can be seen as timeless: Column by column in a cloud of dust =================================== They marched away enduring a belief Whose logic brought them, somewhere else, to grief. (‘The Shield of Achilles’ ll.21-23) Here the army who are ‘enduring a belief’ (l.21) that they are doing good can be as easily applicable to the modern day (i.e. the situation in Iraq) as to classical times. The timeless nature of the poem can be said to be a characteristic feature as it appears in other poems such as ‘Gare du Midi’: ====================================================================== †¦clutching a little case He walks out briskly to infect a city Whose terrible future may have just arrived. (‘Gare Du Midi’, ll.6-8) Here we are led to believe that a man is about to unleash a terrible weapon on a city and although the poem was written in December 1938, its proleptic nature allows the poem to be much more in tune with the w... ...atures, it is perhaps impossible to outline a characteristic Auden poem. ‘The Shield of Achilles’ lacks many features that would make it characteristic. For example, poems such as ‘Moon Landing’ and a ‘Walk After Dark’ are rife with colloquial (‘Mneh’- ‘Moon Landing’, ll.22) and recherchà © (‘Lacrimae rerum’- ‘A Walk After Dark’, l.30) language, whereas ‘ The Shield of Achilles has none, instead the language in the poem obeys the poem’s principle of contrast- it alternates between classical and modern language. Therefore it’s reasonable to say that there are many re-occurring themes throughout Auden’s poems, but not that there are entire poems which are ‘characteristic’. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] It is notable that ‘Ist September 1939’ appeared on many websites after the September 11th attacks in 2001.

Key Sectors of Economic Growth in Kenya Essay

Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product i.e. real GDP. In Kenya the key main sectors to achieve economic growth are agriculture which is the mainstay economic growth drivers, energy sector, manufacturing and industry, service sector which is mainly tourism, financial services and banking and also the private sector. All of these sectors are in line with the Kenya Vision 2030, the economic pillar. The key sectors are as discussed below: 1. AGRICULTURE: Agriculture has been the key factor of economic growth of Kenyan economy. It continues to be the key factor that will drive the economic growth of Kenya as it contributes to about 24% of Growth Domestic Product. And for this reason the government should increase budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector up from the Kshs 53.5 billion allocated in National Budget 2012/201 so as to be in line with the Maputo Declaration which requires the budget allocation to agriculture to be atleast 10% of total Government budgets and The government should also subsidize the farm inputs such as fertilizers for the farmers, this will maximize production. Livestock farming also has to be considered. If the government increases funding to the agricultural sector, such occurrences as food shortages, seasonal inflation and unemployment would be curbed if not avoided. Agricultural sector which includes; †¢Livestock sector and dairy farming: The livestock sector provides employment opportunities while also increases income. Kenya exports from hides and skins for leather industry earned Kshs 4 billion. Also reforms need to be made on the Kenya Meat Commission. †¢Fisheries: Kenya earns around Kshs 4 billion from this sector. The sector also employs about 60000 people and also over half a million people depend on this sector for livelihood through trading and fish processing thus thee number of fish processing plants should be increased. 2. TOURISM SECTOR: The service sector of Kenya contributes 63% of Growth Domestic Product and it’s mainly tourism industry which is the country’s principal source of foreign exchange thus the government. The tourism industry along with the government has to take steps to address the security problem and to reverse negative publicity especially after the post-Election Violence of 2007 following disputed General Elections. Such steps among others should include establishing a tourist police and launching marketing campaigns in key tourist origin markets. Former minister of Tourism Najib Balala ran such campaigns in CNN. 3. ENERGY SECTOR: The energy sector an important sector to drive the smooth growth of the economy hence there is need for the Government to put up measures that would help the sector to grow thereby, contributing to the growth of the economy as the sector is depended on by manufacturing and industrial sector and also the agricultural sector. There exists limited power generation and transmission capacity in the country. This is caused by lack of adequate investment in power systems and infrastructure development. This combined with rapid economic growth, new customer connections and unreliable rainfall patterns have caused the current electricity shortage in Kenya. Though Kenya is not natural resource endowed, the natural resources the country can boast of for energy generation are small hydro, geothermal, coal, biogas, tidal waves, solar, wind and recently the oil exploration in Turkana. The government needs to invest heavily in the energy sector so that there is no over reliance on Hydro power. The government should implement a policy to attract private sector investments in the energy sector i.e. the Kenya Private Sector Power Generation Support Project. In doing so it will boost economic growth and in job creation. 4. INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR: Kenya boast of being the industrialized country in East Africa, the manufacturing sector contributes to about 15% of Growth domestic Product, this percentage doesn’t as the manufacturing sector is hampered by high energy costs, shortages of hydro telemetric power, poor infrastructure and counterfeits products i.e. cheap imports. Industrial and manufacturing sector has become increasingly significant to Kenya economy due to increased urbanization. Most industrial plants are located in urbanized towns which has led to the reason Kenya has three cities i.e. Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu; they include food-processing industries such as grain milling, beer production, and sugarcane crushing. These plants contribute significantly to national income as well as generate employment. Also the oil refinery which processes imported crude petroleum into petroleum products, mainly for the domestic market. In addition, a substantial and expanding informal sector engages in small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements. 5. FINANCIAL SECTOR AND BANKING: Kenya is East and Central Africa’s hub for financial services. Most of the banking institution and other financial services firms are located in the urban centres as it is considered that urban people have higher income which is not the case, thus innovation and opening of banking sectors should be put in place in rural areas. Such innovations includes mobile banking which where now rural populations have daily access to financial services as most people now own mobile handsets. MPESA is the widely used mobile banking, it is estimated that MPESA has given access financial services to about 75% of the people. Government thus needs to encourage other mobile money transfers such as Tangaza, Yu cash, and Airtel money. In doing so it will create a competitive environment and thus many people will get access to the financial services. The Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) ranks fourth in Africa in terms of Market capitalization. Stock markets provide market liquidity that enables implementation of long term projects with long term payoffs thereby promoting a country’s economic growth. Moreover, efficient capital markets not only avail resources to investors, they also facilitate inflow of foreign financial resources into the domestic economy. Government needs to institute reforms in the financial sector as capital market development is an important component of financial sector development and supplements the role of the banking system in economic development. Capital markets assists in price discovery, liquidity provision, reduction in transactions costs, and risk transfer.

Critique Of Andrew Abbott Essays - Andrew Abbott, Free Essays

Critique Of Andrew Abbott Essays - Andrew Abbott, Free Essays Critique Of Andrew Abbott Part A: Summary Introduction: Andrew Abbotts book, The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labour contains a mix of comparative historical analysis and current evaluation, which is assembled within an analytical model that looks at professions from the viewpoint of their jurisdictions, the tasks they do, the expert knowledge needed for those tasks, and how competitive forces internally and externally work to change both the jurisdictions and the tasks. Abbott attempts to show that professions are interdependent systems, containing internal structures. He accomplishes this task by means of analyzing the emergence of modern professions and their relationships with each other cooperatively and competitively. Section I: Work, Jurisdiction, and Competition Abbotts book takes on an individualistic direction in its inception then moves to a more systematic view of professions. Modern studies of formal professions began with the rise of the discipline of social sciences in the 19th century. In the beginning, scholars debated about the theoretical interpretations of professionalism. There was a split between proponents of functionalist and monopolistic approaches. However, academics on both sides agreed, that a profession was an occupational group with some special skill (Abbott 1988: 7). Abbott mentions that there have been four different perspectives that have sought to interpret professionalization, a functional, structural, monopolistic, and a cultural view. Abbott states that the tasks of professions are to provide expert service to amend human problems (Abbott 1988: 33). These problems can be objective, in that they originate naturally or through technological imperatives. Problems can also be subjective, whereby they are imposed by society or a culture either from the present or past. Abbott argues that the real difference between the objective and subjective qualities of problems is a difference in amenability to cultural work (Abbott 1988: 36). Abbott outlines that there are several types of objective foundations for professional tasks. Some being technological, some organizational, other sources of objective qualities lay in natural objects and facts, while others came from slow-changing cultural structures. Abbott also argues that a profession is always vulnerable to changes in the objective character of its central tasks (Abbott 1988: 39). Besides the objective qualities, professional tasks also have subjective qualities, which m ake them susceptible to change. Unlike objective tasks, change does not come from the vagaries of external forces, but from the activities of other professions impinge[ing] on the subjective qualities (Abbott 1988: 39). According to Abbott, three acts helped to embody the cultural logic of professional practice. The three subjective modalities being diagnosis, inference, and treatment. Diagnosis is the process wherein information is taken into the professional knowledge system, and treatment is wherein instruction is brought back out from it (Abbott 1988: 40). During the process of diagnosis, relevant information about the client is assembled into a picture of the clients needs. This picture is then categorized into a proper diagnostic category. This process consists of two sub-processes known as colligation and classification. Colligation is the first step in which the professional knowledge system begins to structure the observed problems (Abbott 1988: 41). Colligation is the forming of a picture of the client, and consists primarily of rules declaring what kinds of evidence are relevant and irrelevant, valid and invalid, as well as rules specifying the admissible level of ambiguity (Abbott 1988: 41). Classification is the referral of the colligated picture to the dictionary of professional legitimate problems (Abbott 1988: 41). Colligation and classification help to define which type of problems fall under which body of profession, and specifically what kind of problem it is in that particular profession. Abbott mentions that sometimes problems of classification arise. For some problems are constantly shifting classifications, and fall under more than one classification, due to their defining traits. This may lead to intervention or competition by other professions who want to assimilate the unclear problem into their own professional repertoire (Abbott 1988: 44). The procedure of treatment is organized around a classification system and a brokering process, whereby results are given to the client and prescription is offered (Abbott 1988: 44). One major problem associated with treatment is the clients willingness to accept treatment. A profession that adamantly forces clien ts to take treatment risks losing clients to their competition who may be

What Is the JavaScript TypeOf Function How Does It Work

What Is the JavaScript TypeOf Function How Does It Work SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips We’ve all stumbled on a web page that just doesn’t work. You know the type: the links aren’t clickable, the scrolling is all over the place, and sometimes...they automatically play music. (The worst.) When a website misbehaves, bad JavaScript is usually at fault. That’s because JavaScript is the scripting language that controls the interactive elements of a website. In fact, JavaScript is actually a robust, powerful scripting language that automates processes like animating images or providing autofill suggestions. Basically, JavaScript is one of the fundamental coding languages of the web. Like any language, there’s lots you can do with JavaScript. But today, we’re going talk about one specific type of JavaScript command: the TypeOf function. In this article, you’ll learn about the JavaScript TypeOf function, including what it is, how it works, and its most common uses. So let’s dive in! What Is a JavaScript Data Type? Before we start talking about the JavaScript TypeOf function, we first have to talk about JavaScript data types. A data type is a classification given to different kinds of data used in programming. There are seven data types that can be used in JavaScript, and we’ve broken them down in the table below: Data Type Use Number Deals with any number, including decimals. You can also do operations (like multiplication, division, etc.) with this data type. String A string of characters surrounded by single or double quotes. Boolean Sets a true/false (or yes/no) value. Null Indicates the intentional absence of a value. Basically means â€Å"nothing,† â€Å"empty,† or â€Å"value unknown.† Undefined Also indicates the absence of a value. Unlike â€Å"null,† â€Å"undefined† is usually used when a variable is declared but a value is unassigned. Symbols Unique identifiers for objects. Object Collections of related data. Unlike other data types, which can only contain a single thing, objects store collections of data. Why Are Data Types Important? In JavaScript, a data type is basically a category of data that can be stored and/or manipulated within a program. Depending on the type of data you’re using, JavaScript will treat the data differently. So for example, JavaScript deals with an undefined data set much differently than it deals with an object! The other reason data types are important is because they dictate what you can do with the data you provide- and whether that data will work or not. For example, if you try to assign a value to a â€Å"null† data type, it won’t work because null indicates an empty value! Likewise, there are some data types that only do one thing, like the boolean data type, while others can work with collections of data. In other words, data types are one of the fundamental building blocks of JavaScript. What Is the Javascript TypeOf Function? Now that you know what data types are, the typeof function will make more sense: that’s because the JavaScript TypeOf command is used to check the data type of a particular operand, which is a JavaScript array, data type, or object. In order to use the TypeOf command, you would write it like you would any operation that uses a single value (also known as a unary operator). That means the script would look like this: typeof x You can also use the TypeOf operator like you would a JavaScript function. The syntax would look something like this: typeof(x) Using the JavaScript TypeOf function is particularly useful for checking the value of JavaScript expressions! How Do You Use the Javascript TypeOf Function? When you use the JavaScript TypeOf function to check the data type of an operand, it returns a string, or text, that contains the data type! Here’s an example of how you might check to see if an object is undefined: If (typeof object === ‘undefined’) The TypeOf function is an important tool when dealing with complex code. It allows a programmer to quickly check a variable’s data type- or whether it’s â€Å"undefined† or â€Å"null†- without going through the code line by line! Additionally, the TypeOf function can also check whether an operand is an object or not. Depending on the output of the TypeOf function, a programmer can adjust their previous code or quickly pick up where they left off on a project. In other words, the TypeOf function is a quick way to check data to make sure that a script will work. What Are the Possible Outputs of the TypeOf Function? Because the JavaScript TypeOf function is used to check data types, the possible outputs of the TypeOf operator are all data types, too. Here’s a quick summary of the different type of outputs you might see: Value TypeOf undefined â€Å"undefined† null â€Å"object† Boolean (true or false) â€Å"boolean† all numbers â€Å"number† all strings â€Å"string† all symbols â€Å"symbol† all functions â€Å"function† all arrays â€Å"object† native objects â€Å"object† host objects Dependent on implementation other objects â€Å"object† What’s Next? If you’re interested in coding, it might be worth considering a computer science major. But how do you know if computer science is really right for you? Here are five key factors to consider when choosing your major. If you do want to go into computer science, it’s important to get into a good college. One of the best ways to do that is to make sure you’re taking the right courses in high school. Check out this expert guide to the classes you should- and shouldn’t- take before you start your college applications. You might have heard that AP classes look good on your college application. If you’re not sure what AP classes are or how they affect your college admissions chances, take a look at this AP overview.

Art Friedman - Friedmans Appliance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art Friedman - Friedmans Appliance - Case Study Example Earning a decent salary followed by  convenient  and safe working conditions  depict  the hierarchy of needs. A generous salary acts as a first  level  motivator then  suitable  working conditions  come  in as a  second  level motivator. The factor applying to Friedman’s Appliance is hygiene factor. These factors include; quality of supervision, working condition, salary,  administration  and  company  policies. The need for  achievement  also applies in Friedman’s Appliance. Employees with the need of achievement were free to choose their  appropriate  working  schedule  and  propose  their  pay  (Lussier  &  Achua, 2010). Equity and  expectancy  theories do apply in Friedman’s Appliance  case. Employees  expect  their input and outputs to be at par as outlined in Equity theory. In Friedmans Appliance, employees could choose their level of  salary  in accordance with their level of input. According to  expectancy  theory, there is a direct relationship between motivation and the  performance  generated. Employees at Friedmans Appliance increased their productivity with  an increase  in their salaries (Lussier  &  Achua, 2010). Friedman employed positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is adding a stimulus in order to  achieve  a  superior  response. Employees at Friedmans Appliance got a pay raise and also had the benefit of choosing their working schedule. These, in turn, increased their productivity (Lussier  &  Achua, 2010). Conscientiousness is one of the five personality dimensions illustrated by Art Friedman. Employees illustrated this by being achievement-oriented, disciplined and organized. Friedmans Appliance employees exhibited this goal-directed behavior. Their conscientiousness positively correlated with their productivity (Lussier  &  Achua,

The Debate Concerning The Transition From Modernity To Post Modernity Essay

The Debate Concerning The Transition From Modernity To Post Modernity Poses Major Problems For The Classic Literature On The Sociology Of Deviance - Essay Example We encourage ourselves of our own normalcy by reproving and scheming those who oppose. Deviance is an observable detail to be found in power: Frontrunners are the excellent one and the regular; Losers are the under par, the extreme, and the malevolence (and they frequently recognize the "marker"). Post Modern Deviance is not described as a substance of the cost or significance of particular activities, or the conduct itself. Deviance is a tag (method) used to preserve the power, control, and situation of an overriding group (Journal Information for Teaching Sociology, Pg 16, 2002). Post Modern Deviance used to be in an agreed order. Deviance infringes some group suppositions about actuality (social order). It infringes prospect. The description of deviance defines the warning and permits for repression and management of the warning. The description of deviance preserves, looks after, and classifies group interests and in doing so continues a sense of normalcy. Deviance is a result of Social relations. According to According to The University of Chicago Press (2004), "Deviance" is a comprehensive expression used by sociologists of both modern and contemporary world to submit to behaviour that differs, in some method, from a social standard. In this reverence, it is apparent that the perception of deviance refers to some structure of "rule- breaching" behaviour. In relative to deviance, consequently, the thought narrates to all figures of rule-breaking (whether this occupies such things as murder, stealing or inflammable - the infringement of recognized social regulations - or such things as wearing unsuitable clothing for a given social circumstances, failing to construct homework at school or being rude to a parent, teacher and so forth - comparatively the infringement of comparatively comfortable social rules) (Heckert, A., and D. Heckert, Pg 210, 2004). As should be evident, in post modern deviance, criminal behaviour is a shape of deviance (one that is defined as the breaking of lawful rules) and, whilst we will be directed upon this vicinity of deviance, it requirements to be kept in mind that it is only one feature - even though a very noteworthy one - in relative to the thought of deviant behaviour in any culture. As a universal regulation, as a result, we can say that there is a peculiarity between crime and deviance in terms of modern and postmodern literature. All crime is, by description, deviant behaviour,