Queen Elizabeth Essay examples - 1227 Words

Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth, the first, proved to be a very good and loyal monarch to England. She brought about many changes, both good and bad. On September 7, 1533 a baby girl came into the world. Back then many parents would have been greatly disappointed to have had a baby girl, rather then a boy. However these parents were glad by the birth of their first child together. These proud parents were the king and queen of England, King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The girl child was named Elizabeth. The only reason for the birth of Elizabeth had been that she would have been male so that he could have been the heir to King Henry the VIII. It wasnamp;#8217;t until two years later that Henry realized he wasnamp;#8217;t going to get†¦show more content†¦Elizabethamp;#8217;s older half-sister, Mary Tudor came to the throne. Mary, who was Catholic, earned the nickname quot;Bloody Maryquot;. During the time that Bloody Mary was at the throne she married Philip of Spain, soon to be Philip the second. However Parliament blocked his accession to the English throne. She burned many Protestants at the stake. When rebels wanted to place Elizabeth on the throne Queen Mary had her arrested and sent to the Tower of London and later on to Woodstock. She remained imprisoned for five years until Mary, near death, named Elizabeth her successor. On March 17, 1558, the last Tudor monarch of England ascended the throne. Elizabeth initially did not want to face the heated conflict between the Catholics and Protestants in England. However Mary Stuart forced her to. The Catholic Mary, queen of Scotland, was the grandniece of Henry VIII and the next in line to the throne. Accused of murdering her second husband, Henry Stuart Darnley, Mary fled to England to escape a rebellion in Scotland. Many European and English Catholics plotted to put her on the throne. To protect her crown, Elizabeth had her cousin Mary Placed under house arrest in 1567. Meanwhile, Elizabethamp;#8217;s throne was threatened from the outside forces. Philip II, who became ruler of Spain and its empire in 1556, sought to control the world. England and many other European countries were jealous of Spainamp;#8217;s riches, especially in the New World. ElizabethShow MoreRelatedQueen Elizabeth: The Virgin Queen922 Words   |  4 PagesEngland.† -Elizabeth I (Add Intro) Queen Elizabeth was famously known as â€Å"The Virgin Queen† for never marrying. She refused to share her power. Queen Elizabeth was born in 1533 and she and her sister were claimed to be illegitimate by her father, Henry VIII since he was looking for a male heir to his throne. Her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed by her husband Henry VIII for what historians believe was false charges of adultery and conspiracy when Elizabeth was just two. Elizabeth stayed at HatfieldRead MoreThe Queen Elizabeth And Elizabeth1104 Words   |  5 Pagesthis was George VI and Queen Elizabeth with the two princesses Elizabeth and Margaret. It was taken by someone my great grandmother knew, who was employed at the palace. Apparently those two little princesses were always into mischief; they were into everything. As with most siblings they used to fight all the time but if anyone tried to come between them, they’d stick together like glue. The younger sister was forever getti ng into scrapes that her elder sister, Elizabeth, had to try to get her outRead MoreThe Role Of Queen Elizabeth I And Queen Elizabeth I1271 Words   |  6 Pagesgrand total of 66 monarchs, all varying in historical importance. Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria are two great monarchs still remembered today. Both women were influential figures who coined their own eras. Queen Elizabeth I influenced the Golden Age, bringing learned arts and education into popularity. The Victorian era became known as an age of great wealth and expansion for the British Empire which is attributed to Queen Victoria’s reign. What made these seemingly ordinary women become someRead MoreEssay on Queen Elizabeth841 Words   |  4 PagesThe last queen of the Tudor dynasty, Queen Elizabeth I proved to be on of the most celebrated, and controversial leaders in English history. Raised in a neglectful home, and shadowed by her mothers reputation, Elizabeth did not have the royal treatment that her si blings received. From her birth, she was a disappointment, as a child she was intelligent, yet unnoticed, and the road to her 1558-1603 reign was troubled. Elizabeth was born on September 7, 1533. To the disappointment of King HenryRead MoreQueen Elizabeth I702 Words   |  3 PagesQueen Elizabeth I was the most extraordinary leader in English history. She was born on September 7, 1533 at Greenwich Palace. Her birth was not celebrated; instead it was a bitter failure to her father King Henry VIII, who was expecting the birth of a son. Her mother was executed for treason not long after her birth (Jokinen 1). After Henry VIII’s third spouse Jane Seymour died; however, Elizabeth was set back in the order of succession after Edward and Mary by act of parliament. When she came intoRead More Queen Elizabeth Essay966 Words   |  4 Pages Queen Elizabeth was born on September 7, in 1533 to a royal couple by the name of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She pertained a strong personality and strong political skills in overlooking marriage proposals and intensely flirting with many available suitors. She reigned over England without a king or children (Britannia: Elizabeth 1). Her father was known for the execution of his wives. The king had announced that any daughter would be illegitimate to the line of succession because his upcomingRead MoreQueen Mary and Queen Elizabeth of England1626 Words   |  7 PagesQueen Mary and Queen Elizabeth of England Sixteenth century England experienced a phenomenon sometimes referred to as the Age of Queens. The decisive power of the country was placed in women’s hands and their reigns were watched with a reasonable doubt. There is contrast of rule in terms of reigns between Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth of England, both of whom were engaged in a protracted struggle for the English throne. Beside the legitimacy of their claims, there are more significant considerationsRead MoreQueen Elizabeth I Of England1040 Words   |  5 PagesElizabeth sat in her bedroom in the Buckingham palace brushing her long, curly, red hair which was stained with strands of gray. She focused on the mirror and softly stared at the freckles on her pale skin, which looked as if it needed to be ironed, and her dark brown eyes that looked like a black hole against her pale complexion. The year was 1587, Elizabeth had gone through so much to be here. Oh, my mistake, I should probably refer to her by her formal name . The Elizabeth of this daring storyRead MoreQueen Elizabeth: Majestic Virgin Queen Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pagesand for my glory, if, when I die, an inscription be engraved on a marble tomb, saying, â€Å"Here lieth Elizabeth, which reigned a virgin, and died a virgin.†Ã¢â‚¬  Unfortunately these words had become spasmodically through her reign as Queen. Queen Elizabeth was in a constant battle with Parliament for her to marry and leave an heir to the throne. She never married and did indeed die a virgin. Queen Elizabeth was often depicted in many paintings as a virgin and being of purity, of being of royalty, of strongRead MoreEssay on Queen Elizabeth I1429 Words   |  6 Pages Elizabeth I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; King Henry VIII wanted a son. He had been married for seventeen long years and had only been given a daughter named Mary. Someday one of his children would rule England and it was supposed to be a boy. Henry decided he wanted a younger wife who could bear many children, so he formed his own church and re-married Anne Boleyn. This began the life of Elizabeth. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Elizabeth was born on Sunday, September 7th 1533 at three o’

Alzheimer s Disease The Most Widespread Age Related...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the most widespread age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Both diseases impact a considerable number of people, where AD occurs in around 10 percent of the population greater than the age of 65 while PD occurs in roughly 1 percent of the population above the age of 65. AD is considered to be the most widespread cause of dementia, characterised by the progressive memory and cognitive deficits which impair ones day to day activities. The pathological hallmark of AD comprises of extracellular accumulation of senile plaques consisting of mainly amyloid-beta (AÃŽ ²) peptides, along with neurofibrillary tangles which are composed of the phosphorylated tau protein, located in the hippocampus and cortex. Conversely, PD is considered to be the most widespread movement disorder that is characterised by symptoms such as rigidity slow movements, resting tremor and other instabilities. The extreme loss of dopaminergic neuro nes in the substantia nigra is what defines PD, as the loss of this nerve cell can be linked to Lewy bodies containing aggregates of a soluble protein called ÃŽ ±-synuclein. The aggregation of prion proteins and their transmissibility from one cell to another has been shown to be evident (Cushman et al.; Goedert et al. 2010), therefore strongly suggesting that these events may play a role in pathogenesis for many diseases, including both AD and PD. While none of these diseases is infectious in an identical way asShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive And Neurodegenerative Form Of Dementia2437 Words   |  10 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative form of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, reasoning, judgement and decision-making, recognizing, as well as behavior, and is serious enough to interfere with daily life and activities, that eventually leads to profound physical as well as mental disabilities, resulting in the need for institutional care (Hoyer Roodin, 2009). AD is most widespread in senior population aged 65 and over, which constitutes approximatelyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1457 Words   |  6 PagesUnited State’s economy and provide a medicine that is available for those in need. Marijuana has been a part of our history ever since the 1600’s. When the colony of Jamestown was established in Virginia, one of the laws enacted by King James I demanded that all farmers grow Indian hempseed. Hemp is a part of the marijuana plant and is one of the most strongest and durable of all natural fibers. Over the next couple centuries, many other laws were passed ordering even more hemp to be grown. InRead MoreBrain Structure And Basic Functions6760 Words   |  28 Pagesconcentration/focus - Concentration/Focus Disorders IV- Brain Nutrition V- Brain Sleep VI- Brain Exercise VII- Brain Social Life VIII- Negatives for brain health - Stress - Alcohol - Smoking - Drug Addiction - Traumatic Brain Injury - Cerebrovascular Disease â€Æ' Preface The brain is the control center of the body. It controls the conscious and the unconscious body processes. It is the center for conscious thoughts and mood , allows us to make decisions , think , feel and communicate with outside . ItRead MoreGene Therapy : A Method Of Manipulating Cells At The Molecular Level2897 Words   |  12 Pagesof preventing or altering rare genetic disease states. Viruses have the natural ability to deliver genetic material to cells, which makes them excellent vectors for gene delivery (Waehler, Russell, Curiel, 2007). Lentivirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, Adenovirus and Adeno-Associated viruses (AAV) are among the most prominently used vectors for gene delivery to the therapeutic target. While, gene therapy is a promising treatment option for a range of diseases, there are still a number of unwarranted

Document Falsification by an Organization-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Document Falsification in an Organization. Answer: Introduction Ethics is an aspect that is studied all across different professionalisms and fields. Business ethics, therefore, refers to company standards, sets of values, principles, and norms that are formed with the aim of governing the actions and behavior of an individual in a place (Bridgman, 2012). It examines morals or immoral problems that arise in the business environment. These ethics originate from people, organizational statements or the legal system. Examples of common business ethics are honesty, integrity, loyalty, fairness, leadership, and responsibility. On the other hand, business sustainability refers to the management and coordination of all environmental, social and financial aspects to provide an ethical, successful business (Baker, 2015). Business sustainability is considered to be in three categories. These include; corporate culture that incorporates the principles of every business decisions. Community or social that ensures that the business offers sustainable services to the society by giving back to them, either through charitable donations or offering internship the young members of the society. The environmental aspect ensures that the business is committed to greener friendly environment. The environmental issue is achievable by decreasing or eliminating the destructive environmental omissions (Choi et al., 2015). Every individual affects the sustainability of business in a market place either positively or negatively. This article, therefore, examines the business ethical issues, sustainability elements, theories, and concepts behind document falsification. It takes into account to the MacDonalds ethical levels and in contrast to other primary business ethics. It also examines the consequence that befalls a student that commits the cheating. In a systematic study, Vazquez (2016) denotes that a falsified document in accordance with Section 250 of the Australian Crime Act, is one that is purported to have been altered or made by an individual who did not work on the document, on the authority of an individual who is not authorized to have the document, in a place or on a date where and when it was not made respectively, in terms, the document was not made in at the original document preparation. Document falsification and the increasing fraud challenge it offers to the business community Document falsification is very paramount in most of the local and international colleges and universities among other academic institutions (McCabe, 2015). According to this study, document forgery is the process by which student in conjunction with unauthorized organization or individual obtains a particular document to present to the university as a genuine academic work. University and college students are prone to these types of practices. Students who are pursuing their degrees or masters program tend to pay some organizations or individuals to undertake their research work or their faculty assignments. They then submit them to the lectures. Under the University Academic and Policy Law, document falsification is a crime, and unethical that calls for punishment for the student for both the student and the organization that offers the service. The ethical idea behind student submitting assignments done b others at a small fee The document falsification practiced by students is not ethical. The practice is considered to be an academic dishonesty (Huang, 2016). It contradicts the research and academic ethics drawn by the University Academic Board. The university academic and research ethics dictates that every student should do their research publication. They should not take somebodys work and present as their own. The ethics dictate that there should be no collaboration in doing individual work, such as copying during the exam or asking for assistance in the form of payment to undertake the students role during the research work. They should ensure the originality of the academic work. Therefore, the practice is deceitful, and any academic certificate gained through it should be revocable. The unethical idea behind organization offering this type of service on the basis of MacDonalds four levels of business ethics Ethical of document falsification by an organization is unethical. Business groups always have one objective; to make money, nevertheless, the money should be made by the set business ethics. According to the MacDonalds four levels of business ethics, it is unethical to for an organization to offer document falsification to the university students to present as their academic work (Dominici, 2017). The MacDonald four levels of business ethics are personal level, organizational level, national level and international level. The personal level is also known as an individual level, a level where one must always participate in decision-making taking into account of what is right to do in different circumstances (Papish, 2016). At this level, honesty is paramount to the individual. One must be able to admit either in committing a wrong, making an honest mistake, or making a bad decision. The personal level calls for personal responsibility for any decision made. Therefore according to MacDonald personal level business ethics, it is unacceptable for an organization to offer such services to students who are pursuing their academic program since it contradicts with the Academic Regulations. The organizational level looks at the ethical action of the organization. It states that any mistake committed by a body is as a result of the decision made within the organization. Organization values should bring benefits to both the stakeholder and the society. When an organization receives payment from a student to do what is illegal like falsifying an academic work, and then it is being termed as corruptible. National level ethics dwells on the societal expectations such as good business behavior (Papish, 2016). It dictates that a business should play a fair ground that conforms to the law of the country. Business, therefore, is not expected to accept bribery or any other form of cash that is against the law for it to thrive. Therefore an organization that receives money from university students to assist them in falsifying academic documents is committing a crime that should be punishable. The practice will not only affect the students academic but will also put the reputation of such an organization in question. International level entails all aspects across the national boundary to curb the problems that affect the world academic institutions as a whole (McCabe, 2015). These efforts aim at addressing all global sustainability of every ethical behavior for the benefit of the students, their future career, and the community as well. However, when an organization practices document falsification to the university students, it tends to undermine millennium goals that are set by the international organizations and academic institutions to offer high-quality education to every individual. The practice will offer a significant number of poor professionalism and law integrity graduates. A contrast of the practice from the perspective of consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics theories There are major ethical theories adopted by various business organizations both large and small in the local and international level. These ethical principles include consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics as pointed out by (Moraes, Carrigan, Bosangit, Ferreira, McGrath, 2015). Consequentialism is a moral philosophy that dictates that whatever one does depend on whatever happens afterward (Kahn, 2012). Consequentialism is the act of worrying more about the result than the action itself. As a result, a morally right action will ultimately lead to good result without taking into account of the means from the consequentialist point of view. In other words, it says that if a goal is morally right, then the method of achieving the goal is acceptable (Morgan et al., 2015). For instance, every student in the university has the urge of scoring high points. In academic, therefore, according to the theory, the student is obliged to score the high marks without looking at the method us ed to get the marks, hence the student will opt to seek assistance from the organization that offers document falsifications and presents it to the lecture on their work. In the end, if not detected, the student will score high marks and be awarded marks or their degree. There are two different types of consequentialism. These are; Utilitarianism that states individual should stress more on human-being while Hedonism stresses more on human pleasure and satisfaction. The deontological ethical theory asserts that every employee should stick to their obligations and duties when making any ethical decision that can have a direct or indirect effect on an individual or organization (Saja, 2013). According to this study, the individual adopting the theory need to follow and uphold the recommended ethical obligations since this is what is considered morally upright by the business. The theory argues that anything good must be good in itself and good without qualification. For example, an organization offering assistance on research work to a university student will adhere to the terms offered to the student and the organization. Deontology offers both parties a good ground for their self-interest. According to Moraes et al. (2015), students often get there work done and obtain their degree without purely qualifying for them while the organization can make money without upholding business ethics. Nonetheless, it has got a negative attribute. The negative characteristic is that both parties break the laws. The students are not honest in their academic presentation, and the organization is not being honest and ethical in the activities and services it offers as it core function to the students. The deontology ethic does not focus its benefit to the diverse society but to an individual, the student that seeks aid in the academic work. The organization practices this without thinking of the consequences it will have to the general society. The virtue ethical theory, also known as character-based ethics insists on judging an individual character rather than the actions they comprehend (Papish, 2016). The theory provides guidance on the roles and behaviors a person should strive to achieve. In this theory, people are more interested in assessing the character of an individual other than the goodness or badness of a particular action. The virtue ethics requires one to engage in a business that doesn't contradict it. For instance, if a student acquires an academic work through the help of an organization, it may be detected by the lecture. If it happens that the lecture knows the character of the student as better than other students, the lecturer will judge the student more leniently than a student who always performs worst than other colleagues. Unlike other business ethics, the virtue ethic does not take into consideration of the change of ones character from real moral to immoral. An honest student may suddenly become dishonest unnoticed. The virtue ethic theory differs with other business ethics such as accountability, where one should be accountable for their action. In this case, neither the organization nor the student will be responsible. It also does not consider the safety of the student and the society as a whole. The student might be unlucky and get detected by the lecturer. That will lead to a disciplinary case whereby the student might be suspended from the faculty for not less than two academic years or get expelled from the university. The student will either gets expulsion or not but will eventually be in the society with little trust and poor professionalism. Consequences that might be considerable to students who engage in such practices Document falsification is a crime and has implications for any students who participate in such activities as pointed out by Thomson (2010). There are always set rules and policies in every university that addresses such issues. These practices do destroy not only the student's ambition but also affects the integrity of the university as a whole, an aspect that as well affects the qualification and development of the student in their future career. Document falsification, therefore, has various consequences and penalties depending on the level of which the student has committed the academic dishonesty as well as the policy of every institution offering the learning services to the students. In some institutions, the students are often forced to repeat the assignment with or without grade reduction. The student may also get a zero grading. Other institutions also ensure that the he student found guilty of the act is suspended from the faculty for a period not less than two academic years. The students may as well be expellable from the university, and the students degree may be revoked by the academic disciplinary board. In a systematic study, ///// point out that on being found guilty with a falsified document in Australia, an individual can face up to a ten-years imprisonment. The law applies for every individual found of a machinery or equipment for making a false document or found in possession of the falsified document as pointed out by McCabe (2015). The same study denotes that forgery and false document offenses are often penalized harshly with the aim of acting as a deterrent to others with a similar intention. As a result, the severity of the penalties tends to reflect the current community attitudes and standards to such types of offences. In fact, Huang (2016) puts it that forgery of documents as an offence that comes with heavy penalties as though one has been found guilty with forgery or fraud, an aspect that requires an individual to seek legal advice instantly even if he or she intend to plead guilty. The offence comes under the Crime Act of 2010 that was mainly created in a move to prosecute offenders that allegedly commit forgery and falsification of documents. Conclusion Document falsification is unethical practice and a criminal offense. The practice is prevalent among many university students who acquire their credentials through illegal means. The practice should be forcibly discouraged in the universities through severe punishment. Though other theories such as consequentialism and deontology tend to justify the practice, all students and business enterprises should focus on the MacDonald ethical systems. The MacDonald good levels have better societal and business advantages than consequentialism and deontology. Students should abstain from this practice to continue creating societal trust and honor placed upon them. Students who are prone to document falsification always end up having poor professional character. References Baker, M. (2015). Social Business, Business as if People Mattered: Variations on a Theme by Schumacher (1973). Sustainability, 7(6), 6478-6496. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su7066478 Bridgman, T. (2010). Beyond the Managers Moral Dilemma: Rethinking the Ideal-Type Business Ethics Case. Journal Of Business Ethics, 94(S2), 311-322. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0759-3 Choi, T., Li, Y. (2015). Sustainability in Fashion Business Operations. Sustainability, 7(12), 15400-15406. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su71115400 Dominici, G. (2017). Governing Business Systems. Theories and Challenges for Systems Thinking in Practice. Systems Research And Behavioral Science, 34(3), 310-312. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sres.2454 Huang, P. (2016). Positive Institutions: Organizations, Laws, and Policies. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2735616 Kahn, L. (2012). Rule Consequentialism and Scope. Ethical Theory And Moral Practice, 15(5), 631-646. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-012-9357-4 McCabe, C. (2015). Publishing ethics: fabrication, falsification and plagiarism. Endocrine Abstracts. https://dx.doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.37.ew1.3 Moore, G. (2006). The Institute of Business Ethics/European Business Ethics Network-UK Student Competition in Business Ethics. Business Ethics: A European Review, 15(3), 292-292. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00443.x Moraes, C., Carrigan, M., Bosangit, C., Ferreira, C., McGrath, M. (2015). Understanding Ethical Luxury Consumption Through Practice Theories: A Study of Fine Jewellery Purchases. Journal Of Business Ethics. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2893-9 Morgan-Knapp, C., Goodman, C. (2014). Consequentialism, Climate Harm and Individual Obligations. Ethical Theory And Moral Practice, 18(1), 177-190. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-014-9517-9 Papish, L. (2016). CAPS Psychology and the Empirical Adequacy of Aristotelian Virtue Ethics. Ethical Theory And Moral Practice, 20(3), 537-549. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-016-9769-7 Parker, S. (2012). Theories of Entrepreneurship, Innovation And The Business Cycle. Journal Of Economic Surveys, 26(3), 377-394. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2012.00728.x Saja, K. (2013). Developing Deontology. New Essays in Ethical Theory. The Philosophical Quarterly, 64(254), 200-202. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqt026 Thomson, G. (2010). Taxonomy of Business Ethics Theories. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1718850 Trong , L. (2012). Corporate social responsibility, ethics, and corporate governance. Social Responsibility Journal, 8(4), 547-560. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17471111211272110 Vazquez, P. (2016). Family Business Ethics: At the Crossroads of Business Ethics and Family Business. Journal Of Business Ethics. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3171-1

The Physical Development Of A Human Being Essays - Fertility

The Physical Development Of A Human Being Catherine The Physical Development of a Human Being As defined in Berk's, Development Through the Lifespan, physical development is changes in body size, proportions, appearance, and the functioning of various body systems; brain development; perceptual and motor capacities; and physical health. The physical development of a human being is the unique because of all of the visible changes that every human being goes through. Physical growth results from a continuous and complex interplay between heredity and environment. Humans begin to develop before they are out of their mother's womb. After conception, the zygote is what I consider the earliest development of the human being. The period of the zygote is about two weeks long. The zygote then becomes an embryo. The period of the embryo lasts from the second week on through the eighth week of pregnancy. The embryo then changes to form the fetus. The period of the fetus is from the ninth week until the end of the pregnancy. The zygote, embryo, and fetus all form in the first trimester o r pregnancy. By the third trimester, the fetus is around seven and half pounds. I weighed about eight and one fourth pounds when I was born. My mother still tells me that when I was born I had enough hair to braid. She says all my hair gave her horrible heartburn. Luckily she did not smoke or use any drugs or alcohol during the time that she was pregnant with me. All of these things can do serious harm to the fetus. Boys tend to be a little longer and heavier than girls at birth. Babies change faster than older humans do. The human body grows and enlarges at the most rapid rate during the first two years. Weight is gained steadily during this time. By nine months baby fat has usually arrived and is at its highest level. This helps babies to maintain a constant body temperature. Babies become thinner during the second year. This held true for me from what I have seen of my baby pictures. Babies do not tend to be very muscular or coordinated. The child grows and size increases, and different parts of the body grow at different speeds. There are two growth patterns that represent this. The first is called the cephalocaudal trend. During this phase the head takes up a fourth of the body and the legs take up a third. The second pattern is called the proximodistal trend. This is when the growth proceeds from the center of the body outward. During infancy, the arms and legs continue to grow ahead of the hands and feet. The brain is closer to adult size at birth than any other body part on a baby. When a child reaches the age of two, the brain is already at seventy percent of its adult weight. Some of the factors that influence this early growth are heredity, nutrition, and emotional well-being. Over the first year of life, babies begin to organize sounds into complex patterns. During the second half of the first year, babies begin focusing on larger speech units. These larger units are critical to figuring out the meaning of what babies hear. By nine months babies begin to listen to speech for much longer periods of time, and they begin to perceive it on wordlike segments. A child's vision goes through some extensive changes during the first seven to eight months of the child's life. The child's vision improves a great deal throughout the first year. When a child begins some form of independent movement, they begin to better understand depth perception. When an adult moves around on his/her own, they too have a better feel for landmarks and what is around them. The rapid growth in body size that takes place in infancy begins to slow down in early childhood. During this time boys still tend to be a little larger than girls are. When I was this age, all of my friends were boys, and they were a little larger than I was. Increasing control of the child's hands and fingers lead to a huge improvement in the fine motor skills. Their drawings become more and more